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The Senate Reserve ((ドイツ語:Senatsreserve)) was a stockpile of food and other necessities which the Senate of West Berlin was required to maintain in case of another Berlin Blockade. It was dissolved after German reunification. ==History== After the Berlin Blockade of 1948/49 and the Berlin Airlift to keep the inhabitants of the western sector supplied, the three Western Allied commanders-in-chief required the Senate of Berlin, which governed under their authority, to establish stockpiles of staple foodstuffs, medication, coal, fuel, industrial raw materials and other daily necessities.〔Elmar Schütze and Marlies Emmerich, ("Die Senatsreserve-Lager sind leer: Eine Stück streng geheimgehaltener Nachkriegsgeschichte ist beendet" ) (The Senate Reserve storehouses are empty: A piece of post-war history which was kept strictly secret has ended), ''Berliner Zeitung'' 12 August 1984. 〕〔The Allied General Staff retained oversight over the Senate Reserve: Friedrich Jeschonnek, Dieter Riedel and William Durie, ''Alliierte in Berlin 1945-1994'', Berlin: Spitz, 2002, ISBN 3-8305-0290-7, (p. 150 ). 〕 The intent was that in case of another blockade, "normal" life could be maintained in West Berlin for at least 180 days,〔''Berichte über Landwirtschaft'' 1972, (p. 300 ) : "etwa ein halber Jahresbedarf der Stadt" (an approximately six-month supply for the city).〕〔According to Walter Krumholz, Wilhelm Lutze and Oskar Kruss, ''Berlin-ABC'', Berlin: Verlag Dokumentation, 1969, OCLC 310740668, (p. 518 ), initially 60 days. Jens Krüger, ''Die Finanzierung der Bundeshauptstadt Bonn'', Berlin: De Gruyter, 2006, ISBN 3-11-019090-7, (p. 105, note 308 ), speaks of "mehrere Wochen" (several weeks). On the other hand, ("Am liebsten Caritas: Die verlustreiche West-Berliner Vorratswirtschaft—Blockade-Vorsorge auf Geheiß der Alliierten—soll neu geordnet werden. Ein Geheimvorschlag des Senats sieht die Halbierung der Krisenbestände vor" ), ''Der Spiegel'' 24 September 1973 speaks of "einen kompletten Jahresbedarf" (a complete year's supply) of consumer goods, and ("Zucker von Thälmann: Der Berliner Senat will ein Relikt des Kalten Krieges beseitigen—die eiserne Blockade-Reserve" ), ''Der Spiegel'' 20 August 1990 has "maximal ein Jahr lang" (at a maximum, for a year). According to Karl Heinz Katsch, ''Berlin, Struktur und Entwicklung'', Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1966, OCLC 12212660, (p. 44 ) , most of the reserves were intended to last more than 5 months, some for up to 2 years.〕 that is, six months,〔 and thus a blockade would no longer make sense.〔Kerstin Schilling, ''Insel der Glücklichen: Generation West-Berlin'', Berlin: Parthas, 2004, ISBN 3-936324-26-3, (p. 78 ). 〕 (There was also a West German national foodstuffs reserve, the ''Bundesreserve'', of which a large part was stored in West Berlin,〔''Berichte über Landwirtschaft'', (p. 271 ).〕 and periodic attempts to encourage the West German populace in general to participate in ''Aktion Eichhörnchen'', "Operation Squirrel", and maintain a stock of necessities.〔Artur Woll, ''Der Wettbewerb im Einzelhandel: zur Dynamik der modernen Vertriebsformen'', Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1964, OCLC 12444691, (p. 160 and note 48 ). 〕〔''Agrarwirtschaft'' Sonderheft, volumes 90-92, (p. 28 ). 〕 However, these were generally unsuccessful and the term was used mockingly of the Senate Reserve.〔Peter Auer, ''Die Verhältnisse zwingen zur Bewirtschaftung: streng geheim: die zweite Blockade, die es nie gab'', Berlin: Spitz, 1993, ISBN 3-87061-416-1, (p. 138 ) : "Die Senatsreserve, belächelte Aktion Eichhörnchen für die einen, rausgeworfenes Steuergeld für die anderen, Bodensatz des Kalten Krieges" (The Senate Reserve, for some a mocked Operation Squirrel, for others a waste of tax money, a sedimentary deposit of the Cold War) 〕) In 1953 it was decided to enlarge the reserve; Eleanor Lansing Dulles came to the city to assist in this and witnessed the disturbances of 16/17 June 1953.〔Gerhard Keiderling, ("'The Mother of Berlin': Eleanor Lansing Dulles (1895-1996)" ), ''Berlinische Monatsschrift'' 2001, pp. 94-98, p. 96. 〕 The Senate Reserve stored approximately 4 million tonnes of goods for decades. There were at one stage more than 700 storage facilities in West Berlin, comprising 624,000 square metres of open land and 423,000 square metres of inside storage; most of them were secret, and very few people possessed detailed knowledge of the reserves.〔 After the Berlin Wall fell and the Cold War ended in 1989, the Senate Reserve was dissolved. Berlin was legally required to obtain the highest possible value for the goods should the reserve be partially or wholly eliminated.〔 However, at the suggestion of the mayor, 90,000 tonnes of foodstuffs, medications and other goods were donated free of charge to the Soviet Union as humanitarian aid.〔Ralf Melzer, ''Berlin im Wandel: eine Chronik (1989 bis Dezember 1993 )'', Berlin: Stapp, 1994, OCLC 32457869, (p. 124 ). 〕〔Stephan G. Bierling, ''Wirtschaftshilfe für Moskau: Motive und Strategien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der USA 1990-1996'', Paderborn: Schöningh, 1998, ISBN 3-506-79353-5, (p. 108 ) : 126 million DM worth, part of a large German donation.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Senate Reserve」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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